Selected Working Papers
"Judge Ideology and Corporate Tax Planning" (with Travis Chow, Kai Wai Hui and Terry Shevlin).
We investigate whether and how the federal judiciary affects corporate tax planning. We find that firms engage in less aggressive tax planning when Circuit Court and Tax Court judges are more liberal. This effect is economically significant and robust across various measures of tax planning. We further detail specific tax planning tactics in response to liberal judge ideology, such as shifting less income overseas, conducting more foreign tax planning, and acquiring more auditor-provided tax services. Firms also avoid liberal judges through forum shopping. Finally, we show that IRS enforcement complements the judge ideology effect. Overall, we are the first to demonstrate the judicial branch as a key determinant of corporate tax planning, which contributes to a more complete understanding of tax enforcement.
We investigate whether and how the federal judiciary affects corporate tax planning. We find that firms engage in less aggressive tax planning when Circuit Court and Tax Court judges are more liberal. This effect is economically significant and robust across various measures of tax planning. We further detail specific tax planning tactics in response to liberal judge ideology, such as shifting less income overseas, conducting more foreign tax planning, and acquiring more auditor-provided tax services. Firms also avoid liberal judges through forum shopping. Finally, we show that IRS enforcement complements the judge ideology effect. Overall, we are the first to demonstrate the judicial branch as a key determinant of corporate tax planning, which contributes to a more complete understanding of tax enforcement.
"Judge Ideology and Opportunistic Insider Trading" (with Kai Wai Hui and Yue Zheng).
This paper investigates whether and how federal judges’ political ideology affects opportunistic insider trading. Although federal judges are the ultimate arbiters of insider trading enforcement, whether their ideology matters to insiders’ trading decision is unclear because the primary enforcer of illegal insider trading, i.e., the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), can prosecute the case through its internal administrative proceedings and that personal trading may be driven by individuals’ behavior heuristics. Using the partisanship of judges’ nominating presidents to measure judge ideology, we find that firms located in circuits with more liberal judges have fewer opportunistic insider sales, suggesting that managers consider judges’ political ideology in their trading decisions. Cross-sectional analyses show that this deterrent effect is stronger when managers face higher litigation risk. We also find that the SEC considers judge ideology when selecting litigation forums. Finally, we validate that liberal judge ideology is associated with heavier penalties in insider trading lawsuits. In summary, this paper contributes to a holistic understanding of legal enforcement in deterring insider trading.
This paper investigates whether and how federal judges’ political ideology affects opportunistic insider trading. Although federal judges are the ultimate arbiters of insider trading enforcement, whether their ideology matters to insiders’ trading decision is unclear because the primary enforcer of illegal insider trading, i.e., the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), can prosecute the case through its internal administrative proceedings and that personal trading may be driven by individuals’ behavior heuristics. Using the partisanship of judges’ nominating presidents to measure judge ideology, we find that firms located in circuits with more liberal judges have fewer opportunistic insider sales, suggesting that managers consider judges’ political ideology in their trading decisions. Cross-sectional analyses show that this deterrent effect is stronger when managers face higher litigation risk. We also find that the SEC considers judge ideology when selecting litigation forums. Finally, we validate that liberal judge ideology is associated with heavier penalties in insider trading lawsuits. In summary, this paper contributes to a holistic understanding of legal enforcement in deterring insider trading.
